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International Foundations of Medicine Exam Program (IFOM) FMALL Demo by grinder.46
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A cohort study evaluates the association between regular aspirin use and the risk of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer over 10 years. The reported relative risk is 0.85 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.78 to 0.93. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these results?
- A.Aspirin users have a 15% absolute reduction in colorectal cancer risk
- B.The result is not statistically significant because the confidence interval does not include the null value of 1.0
- C.Aspirin users have a 15% lower relative risk of colorectal cancer compared with nonusers, and the association is statistically significant
- D.A relative risk of 0.85 indicates that aspirin causes colorectal cancer
Correct Answer: C
A relative risk (RR) of 0.85 means the risk in the exposed group is 85% of the risk in the unexposed group, which corresponds to a 15% relative reduction in risk, not an absolute reduction. Because the 95% confidence interval (0.78-0.93) does not cross the null value of 1.0, the association is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The result does not establish causation on its own; cohort studies demonstrate association but cannot, by design alone, prove that aspirin causes the observed reduction in colorectal cancer risk.
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